To Shri Narendra Modi

Prime Minister of India

[email protected]; [email protected]

Request for your immediate intervention against the illegal and forceful land acquisition and criminalisation of human rights defenders in Jagatsinghpur District, Odisha, India

Your Excellency,

We, the undersigned human rights organisations are writing to express our grave concern regarding ongoing numerous violations of human and environmental rights linked to the illegal handover of people’s land in several villages in Jagatsinghpur District, Odisha State, to JSW Utkal Steel Ltd. (JUSL).

Since 2005, when land was forcibly acquired for the now abandoned POSCO project, local communities have been facing eviction, loss of livelihood, and criminalisation. POSCO, a South Korean corporation, had planned to construct a steel plant on community land, in, what was at the time, the largest foreign investment in India. The proposed project sparked resistance from the communities including the passing of several village assembly (Gram Sabha) resolutions against environmental destruction and the illegal acquisition of their land and community forest resources and drew international condemnation, including from eight UN Mandate holders.¹

After a sustained struggle by the community for many years, POSCO finally withdrew in March 2017. However, instead of returning the land to the villagers, the government of Odisha handed over the community land to Indian steel major, JUSL in September 2018, to set up steel and cement plants, a power plant and a port. JSW Steel Limited is part of the Sajjan Jindal controlled JSW Group. It is estimated that, if implemented, the project would displace up to 40,000 people from their land and livelihoods, impinge upon their human rights to food, water, work, health, adequate housing, healthy environment and other economic and social rights, and will have disastrous effects on the environment.²

The State of Odisha has responded with severe repression to the protests. The violence and criminalization against members of the Anti-Jindal and Anti-POSCO movement has terrorized the communities that have mobilized in opposition to the project. Women have always been at the forefront of the resistance, and many of them, including children and elderly people, were injured while protecting their villages and lands. Reports suggest that 24 police platoons (700 police personnel) deployed at village entry points and in the vicinity, have been hindering the freevmovement of villagers and their access to agricultural fields and betel vineyards, and restricting supplies of emergency goods.

More than 60 community members have been arrested over the past seven months as a result of the irresistance to the projects. More than 72 criminal cases have been registered against over 1,000 community members. Human rights defenders involved in organizing and leading the protests have faced serious reprisals including arrests, detention, physical assault, threats and harassment. Human rights defenders and community leaders Debendra Swain, Manas Bardhan, Prakash Jena, and Ajodhya Swain remain imprisoned and there are serious allegations that they have been tortured in judicial custody. Human rights defenders Manas Ranjan Kar, Pradipta Satpathy, and women human rights defenders Santi Das and Santi Sethy have been subjected to physical assault and implicated in false police cases. Others including Prasant Paikray and Kailash Das continue to face serious threats and harassment. In some cases, the families of human rights defenders have also been made targets of physical assault and criminalisation.

We regret to learn that the intended projects have been allowed to proceed without adhering to the due procedure listed in the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Notification, 2006, and without giving adequate attention to the rights and claims of the affected villagers under the Scheduled Tribes and Other Traditional Forest Dwellers (Recognition of Forest Rights) Act, 2006 (FRA, 2006). As many ofthe villagers belong to the Scheduled castes (Dalits), the alleged incidents have also led to several violations of the Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes (Prevention of Atrocities) Act, 1989.

India is a state party to the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), which guarantees the right to liberty, protects individuals from arbitrary arrest or detention, and requires any deprivation of liberty to take place in accordance with procedures established by law. The targeting of human rights defenders and protesters for exercising their rights to freedom of expressionand peaceful association is a clear violation of international human rights law.

India is also a state party to the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). By failing to respect the rights enshrined under the Covenant and refusing to settle the rights and claims of the affected communities under the Forest Rights Act (FRA), 2006, the government of India has breached its international obligation under the ICESCR and other related international standards.

Human rights defenders are entitled to specific protection by the State from arbitrary arrest under false charges, use of force, or deprivation of liberty under the United Nations General Assembly’s Declaration on Human Rights Defenders 1998, in whose favor India had voted unanimously with other nations. The UN Declaration for the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP), in whose favor India voted, explicitly mentions in Article 6(2) that peasants shall not be subjected to arbitrary arrest. Article 15 (4) emphasizes the rights of peasants to determine their food and agricultural systems. Furthermore, Article 17 (1) outlines the individual and collective right to land( access to, use and manage land and water bodies, coastal seas, fisheries and pastures) and Article 17(4) emphasizes the rights of peasants to be protected against arbitrary and unlawful displacement from their land and prohibits the destruction of agricultural areas and expropriation of land.

Due to the gravity of the situation, we call on the government of India to:

• Put an end to all types of repression and violence against the resisting communities and withdraw all false and fabricated cases and criminal charges filed against the villagers;
• Immediately release all the human rights defenders arrested protesting the JUSL project and withdraw all charges against them while ensuring that they are not subjected to torture or any form of other cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment while in the custody of the police;
• Withdraw all police force from the area and refrain from using force and intimidating peopleto push forceful land acquisition;
• Conduct independent fact-finding and document the violence, repression and coercion that the villagers in the area have been facing since the inception of the project and hold those responsible to account;
• Urgently process individual and community forest rights claims on land that has been takenover for the project;
• Provide compensation for the damages and loss of life and livelihood to the locals;
• Stop the establishment of large-scale industries and rather encourage small & medium scale industries like beetle vine processing factory along with ecotourism and preserving the traditional livelihoods;
• Ensure that all of the international commitments India is bound to under international law are prioritised and implemented, specifically under the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD), the Paris Agreement on climate change, and the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), the UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders and the UN Declaration for the Rights of Peasants and Other People Working in Rural Areas (UNDROP), among others.

We would like to thank you for your attention and request you to kindly keep us informed about theaction you intend to take on this matter.

Respectfully yours,

ESCR-Net – International Network for Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,

International Federation for Human Rights (FIDH), in the framework of the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders,

FORUM-ASIA,

Frontline Defenders,

World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT), in the framework of the Observatory for the Protection ofHuman Rights Defenders,

FIAN International

Copy:

Shri Naveen Patnaik, Chief Minister of Odisha, [email protected];

Mr. C.K.Mishra, Secretary, Ministry of Environment Forests and Climate Change (MoEFCC) [email protected];

The National Commission for Scheduled Castes, Government of India [email protected];

The National Human Rights Commission, Government of India [email protected];

The National Commission for Women [email protected]; [email protected];

Justice Shri Arun Mishra, Chairperson of the National Human Rights Commission of [email protected];

Shri Sunil Kumar Bansal, Director General of Police, Odisha [email protected];

Shri Justice Bijoy Krishna Patel, Chairperson, Odisha Human Rights [email protected];

Mr. Srinivasa Kammath, Focal Point on Human Rights Defenders, National Human Rights Commission of India [email protected];

Mr. Amit Shah, Union Minister of Home Affairs of India [email protected]; [email protected];

Mr. Ajay Kumar Bhalla, Secretary, Ministry of Home Affairs of India [email protected];

Justice N. V. Ramana, Chief Justice of India, Supreme Court of India, [email protected];

Mr. Shri Arjun Munda, Minister for Tribal Affairs [email protected];Directorate of Industries, Odisha [email protected];

Ministry of Social Justice and Empowerment [email protected];

Mr. Rajiv Kumar Chander, Ambassador, Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations in Geneva, Switzerland [email protected];

UN High Commissioner for Human Rights: Ms. Michelle Bachelet [email protected];

[email protected]; [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Food: Mr. Michael Fakhri [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and the Environment: Mr. David R. Boyd [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on the Human Right to Water and Sanitation: Mr. Pedro [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights and Extreme Poverty: Mr. Olivier de Schutter [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on the Rights to Freedom of Peaceful Assembly and of Association: Clément Nyaletsossi Voule [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on Human Rights Defenders: Ms. Mary Lawlor [email protected]; [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on the Right to Housing: Mr. Balakrishnan Rajagopal [email protected];

Chair-Rapporteur, UN Working Group on arbitrary detentions: Ms. Elina Steinerte [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on torture and other cruel and inhuman treatments: Mr. Nils Melzer [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on contemporary forms of racism: Ms. E. Tendayi Achiume [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on on toxics and human rights: Dr. Marcos A. Orellana [email protected];

UN Special Rapporteur on climate change: Mr. Ian Fry [email protected];

UN Working Group on business and human rights: Ms. Elżbieta Karska, Chair [email protected]