At FORUM-ASIA, we employ a range of strategies to effectively achieve our goals and create a lasting impact.

Through a diverse array of approaches, FORUM-ASIA is dedicated to achieving our objectives and leaving a lasting imprint on human rights advocacy.

Who we work with

Our interventions are meticulously crafted and ready to enact tangible change, addressing pressing issues and empowering communities.

Each statements, letters, and publications are meticulously tailored, poised to transform challenges into opportunities, and to empower communities towards sustainable progress.

Multimedia Stories
publications

With a firm commitment to turning ideas into action, FORUM-ASIA strives to create lasting change that leaves a positive legacy for future generations.

Explore our dedicated sub-sites to witness firsthand how FORUM-ASIA turns ideas into action, striving to create a legacy of lasting positive change for future generations.

Subscribe our monthly e-newsletter

Thailand: Immediately drop sedition case and all proceedings against human rights lawyer Sirikan Charoensiri

Share on facebook
Share on twitter
Share on linkedin

(scroll down for a Thai version of the press-release)

3 October 2016

The Thai Government should immediately drop all proceedings against human rights lawyer, Sirikan Charoensiri, including the specious accusation of sedition, which apparently relate to her organization’s representation of 14 student activists peacefully protesting in June 2015, the International Commission of Jurists (ICJ), Human Rights Watch, Amnesty International, Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), the Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders (an FIDH–OMCT partnership), Protection International (PI), Lawyers’ Rights Watch Canada (LRWC), Fortify Rights, and the International Service for Human Rights (ISHR), said today.

On 27 September 2016, Sirikan Charoensiri, a lawyer and documentation specialist at Thai Lawyers for Human Rights (TLHR), received a summons from the Thai Police following accusations that she violated Article 12 of the Head of National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO) Order 3/2015, prohibiting the gathering of five or more people for political purposes, and Article 116 of the Thai Criminal Code, a ‘sedition’-type offence. According to the summons, the accusations are made by an army officer, Lieutenant Colonel Pongsarit Pawangkanan.

Sirikan Charoensiri received the summons, dated 20 September 2016, when she returned to Thailand after attending the 33rd Session of the Human Rights Council in Geneva where she conducted advocacy on the human rights situation in Thailand on behalf of FORUM-ASIA and the ICJ. Sirikan Charoensiri did not receive an earlier summons, dated 14 September 2016, the police claimed had been sent to her apartment, as she was not home at the time.

Sirikan Charoensiri has already been charged with two offences under the Criminal Code of Thailand: “giving false information regarding a criminal offence” and “refusing to comply with the order of an official” in relation to TLHR’s provision of legal aid to 14 student activists – the new summons appears to relate to the same case.

International Commission of Jurists:

“The army’s accusation that Sirikan Charoensiri has violated the frequently abused sedition law with its extremely serious penalties and risk of a military trial is indefensible and must be withdrawn immediately,” said Wilder Tayler, Secretary General of the ICJ. “The fact that the authorities have made these accusations more than one year after TLHR’s clients were charged with sedition in the same case suggest the accusations have been made in retaliation for her high-profile national and international human rights advocacy since the military coup.”

Human Rights Watch:

“It’s outrageous that Thai authorities are even considering charging lawyer Sirikan Charoensiri for defending her clients, and it will be doubly so if they haul her before a fundamentally unfair military court,” said Brad Adams, Asia director at Human Rights Watch. “By seeking to intimidate lawyers who represent government opponents, the Thai junta is showing its deep-seated fear of the rule of law.”

Amnesty International:

“The new accusations against Sirikan Charoensiri once again demonstrate the willingness of Thai authorities to retaliate against lawyers and activists engaging in the important work of defending human rights and the rule of law,” said Rafendi Djamin, Amnesty International’s Director for South East Asia and the Pacific. “The Thai government should reverse course and take seriously its obligation to protect the independence of lawyers and their freedom to defend their clients without fear of retaliation, and to create an environment where all are able to freely and safely speak out about human rights violations.”

Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development:

“Summoning human rights lawyer Sirikan Charoensiri for a sedition-type charge under Article 116 of the Thai Criminal Code is a clear case of retaliation against human rights defenders who advocate for the human rights situation in Thailand after the coup in May 2014,” said Betty Yolanda, the Director of FORUM-ASIA. “If indicted, Sirikan Charoensiri’s legitimate human rights work might be hindered by possible travel restrictions to take part in international human rights advocacy work given that prior permission to travel abroad has to be obtained from the National Council for Peace and Order (NCPO).”

FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights):

“The authorities’ ongoing harassment against Sirikan Charoensiri shows that the Thai Government is just paying lip service to its commitment to protect human rights defenders,” said Dimitris Christopoulos, FIDH President.

World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT):

 “The accusations against Sirikan Charoensiri are a blatant and calculated attempt to thwart her legitimate work as a human rights lawyer,” said Gerald Staberock, OMCT Secretary-General. “The crackdown against human rights defenders, including pro-democracy activists, has to stop and all accusations and charges against Sirikan Charoensiri must be immediately dropped.”

Protection International:

“The number of legal cases brought against human rights defenders for reporting and addressing human rights violations is increasing in Thailand, and women human rights defenders are especially at risk,” said Liliana De Marco Coenen, Executive Director of Protection International. “Since the beginning of the year, eight out of the ten
human rights defenders who have been charged with criminal offences are
women.”

Lawyers’ Rights Watch Canada:

“The addition of new accusations against Sirikan Charoensiri is alarming, as they appear to be a reprisal for her work as a lawyer and a human rights defender,” said Gail Davidson, Executive Director of LRWC. “Thailand approved the General Assembly resolution calling on all nations to protect human rights defenders and must now meets its international human rights obligations by ensuring the immediate withdrawal of all accusations against Sirikan Charoensiri.”

Fortify Rights:

“Targeting Sirikan Charoensiri for her legitimate work as a human rights lawyer is yet another attempt by the authorities to foment a climate of fear,” said Amy Smith, Executive Director at Fortify Rights. “Thai authorities should treat human rights defenders as valuable members of society rather than enemies of the state.”

International Service for Human Rights:

“The spurious accusations against human rights lawyer Sirikan Charoensiri should be withdrawn immediately and unconditionally,” said Phil Lynch, Director, International Service for Human Rights. “Thailand has a clear duty to protect human rights defenders under international law and standards and so it is particularly concerning that these accusations may be in retaliation for her human rights advocacy since the military coup.”

Background

The 20 September 2016 summons did not set out any precise grounds for the accusations, but they appear to relate to TLHR’s provision of legal aid to 14 student activists who were arrested on 26 June 2015 after carrying out peaceful protests calling for democracy and an end to military rule.

If ultimately indicted for these alleged offences, Sirikan Charoensiri is likely to face trial in a military court as they appear to pre-date the Head of NCPO’s 12 September 2016 Order 55/2016 phasing out the prosecution of civilians in military courts.

Article 12 of Head of NCPO Order 3/2015 (which prohibits the public assembly of five or more people for political purposes) carries a maximum penalty of six months’ imprisonment or a fine not exceeding 10,000 Thai Baht or both. The ‘sedition’-type offence under Article 116 of the Thai Criminal Code carries a maximum sentence of seven years’ imprisonment.

Head of NCPO Order 3/2015 and Article 116, which impose broadly worded and ambiguous restrictions on the exercise of freedom of expression, freedom of association, and freedom of peaceful assembly violate Thailand’s legal obligations under international human rights law and are inconsistent with basic rule of law and human rights principles. For example, Article 116 criminalises any act carried out “in order toâ€Ķ raise unrest and disaffection amongst the people in a manner likely to cause disturbance in the country.”

The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR), to which Thailand is a Party, guarantees the right to peaceful assembly, freedom of expression, freedom of association, and the prohibition of arbitrary arrest or detention.

The UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders affirms the right of everyone to peacefully oppose human rights violations. It prohibits retaliation, threats and other harassment against anyone who takes peaceful action against human rights violations, both within and beyond the exercise of their professional duties.

The UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers provide that governments are to ensure that lawyers are able to perform their professional functions without intimidation, hindrance, harassment or improper interference.

Signed:

  1. International Commission of Jurists (ICJ)
  2. Human Rights Watch
  3. Amnesty International
  4. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)
  5. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights)
  6. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)
  7. Protection International
  8. Lawyers’ Rights Watch Canada
  9. Fortify Rights
  10. International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)

Click here to download the press-release (English)

Click here to download the press-release (Thai)

——

āļ„āļģāđāļ›āļĨāđāļ–āļĨāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒ –

āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ: āļ‚āļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļšāļ§āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™ āđ† āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļāļąāļšāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ “āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ

āļ§āļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰ (3 āļ•āļļāļĨāļēāļ„āļĄ 2559) āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŠāļēāļāļĨ (International Commission of Jurists – ICJ) āļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļ—āļŠāđŒ (Human Rights Watch) āđāļ­āļĄāđ€āļ™āļŠāļ•āļĩāđ‰ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Amnesty International) āļŠāļ āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ (Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development – FORUM-ASIA) āļāļĨāļļāđˆāļĄāļŠāļąāļ‡āđ€āļāļ•āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ (Observatory for the Protection of Human Rights Defenders āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ‚āļ„āļĢāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļĄāļ·āļ­āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļĄāļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļŠāļēāļāļĨ- FIDH āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļĢāļļāļ“āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ‚āļĨāļ – OMCT) āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļžāļĢāđ€āļ—āļ„āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Protection International – PI) āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĨāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļĒāļ­āļĢāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļŠāđāļ„āļ™āļēāļ”āļē Lawyers Rights Watch Canada (LRWC) āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļŸāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāđ„āļŸāļĒāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ (Fortify Rights) āđāļĨāļ°āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āđāļ™āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ§āļīāļŠāļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ International Service for Human Rights (ISHR) āļ‚āļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđ„āļ—āļĒāļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ”āļĩāļāļąāļšāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ “āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī” āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļīāļŠāļ­āļšāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļŠāļąāļ‡āļāļąāļ”āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē 14 āļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļ§āļĄāļ•āļąāļ§āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ‡āļšāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļĄāļīāļ–āļļāļ™āļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2558

āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļœāļđāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļŠāļēāļāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļĄāļđāļĨāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ (Thai Lawyers for Human Rights – TLHR) āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ„āļ›āļĢāļąāļšāļ—āļĢāļēāļšāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 27 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ§āđˆāļēāļāđˆāļēāļāļ·āļ™āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ‡āļšāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 3/2558 āļ‚āđ‰āļ­ 12 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāđ‰āļēāļ„āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ› āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 116 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļēāļāļēāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— ‘āļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™â€™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļœāļđāđ‰āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ āļ„āļ·āļ­ āļž.āļ—. āļžāļ‡āļĻāļĪāļ—āļ˜āļīāđŒ āļ āļ§āļąāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ„āļ°āļ™āļąāļ™āļ—āđŒ

āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 20 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļĨāļąāļšāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāļŠāļĄāļąāļĒāļŠāļēāļĄāļąāļāļ—āļĩāđˆ 33 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ“āļ°āļĄāļ™āļ•āļĢāļĩāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļī (Human Rights Council)
āļ“ āļ™āļ„āļĢāđ€āļˆāļ™āļĩāļ§āļē āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ•āļąāļ§āđāļ—āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡ FORUM-ASIA āđāļĨāļ° ICJ āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļģāļĢāļ§āļˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļŠāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 14 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āđ„āļ›āļĒāļąāļ‡
āļ­āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āđ€āļĄāļ™āļ•āđŒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­ āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĢāļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄ āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļēāļāļŽāļ§āđˆāļēāļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ˜āļ­āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ­āļžāļēāļĢāđŒāļ•āđ€āļĄāļ™āļ•āđŒāđƒāļ™āļ§āļąāļ™āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§

āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļēāļāļēāļŠāļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļē āļ„āļ·āļ­ “āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆâ€ āđāļĨāļ° “āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļˆāđ‰āļēāļžāļ™āļąāļāļ‡āļēāļ™â€  āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē 14 āļ„āļ™ āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ‰āļšāļąāļšāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļˆāļ°āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ„āļ”āļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™āļ™āļĩāđ‰

āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŠāļēāļāļĨ (International Commission of Jurists – ICJ)

“āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ§āđˆāļē āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ—āļģāļœāļīāļ”āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļāļēāļ™āļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™ āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļąāļāļ–āļđāļāļ™āļģāļĄāļēāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļĄāļīāļŠāļ­āļšāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļšāđˆāļ­āļĒāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļšāļ—āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļšāļ—āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āđ‚āļ•āđˆāļ‡ āļ™āļ­āļāļˆāļēāļāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļĒāļąāļ‡āļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ„āļ”āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļˆāļ°āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ„āļ”āļĩāđƒāļ™āļĻāļēāļĨāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļŦāļĨāļĩāļāđ€āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ„āļ”āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ–āļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ” āļ™āļēāļĒāļ§āļīāļĨāđ€āļ”āļ­āļĢāđŒ āđ€āļ—āļĒāđŒāđ€āļĨāļ­āļĢāđŒ (Wilder Tayler) āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ ICJ āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆāļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ§āļĨāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļ™āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĩ āļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļĨāļđāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩāđ€āļ”āļĩāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļ™ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļĄāļē āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āđ‚āļ”āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļđāļ‡āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāđāļĨāļ°āļĢāļ°āļ”āļąāļšāļ™āļēāļ™āļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļī”

āļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļ—āļŠāđŒ (Human Rights Watch)

“āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°
āļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĨāļđāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļĒāđˆāļĨāļ‡āđ„āļ›āļ­āļĩāļāđ€āļ—āđˆāļēāļ•āļąāļ§āļŦāļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļ™āļģāļ•āļąāļ§āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļŠāļđāđˆāļĻāļēāļĨāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ„āļĢāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđāļĨāđ‰āļ§â€ āļ™āļēāļĒāđāļšāļĢāļ” āļ­āļ”āļąāļĄāļŠāđŒ (Brad Adams) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Human Rights Watch āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļāļēāļĢāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ‚āđˆāļĄāļ‚āļđāđˆāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļđāđ‰āļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļāđ‰āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļąāļšāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ•āļĢāļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĄāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢāļĄāļĩāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļāļąāļ‡āļĨāļķāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄâ€

āđāļ­āļĄāđ€āļ™āļŠāļ•āļĩāđ‰ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Amnesty International)

“āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļāļąāļš āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđƒāļˆāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°
āđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļšāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĄāļĩāļŠāđˆāļ§āļ™āđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļ‡āļēāļ™āļŠāļģāļ„āļąāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļ—āļąāļāļĐāđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļ
āļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄâ€ āļ™āļēāļĒāļĢāļēāđ€āļŸāļ™āļ”āļī āļ”āļĩāļˆāļēāļĄāļīāļ™ (Rafendi Djamin) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ āļēāļ„āļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒāļ•āļ°āļ§āļąāļ™āļ­āļ­āļāđ€āļ‰āļĩāļĒāļ‡āđƒāļ•āđ‰āđāļĨāļ°āđāļ›āļ‹āļīāļŸāļīāļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ Amnesty International āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāđ€āļ›āļĨāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ™āđāļ™āļ§āļ„āļīāļ”āļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļ™āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļˆāļĢāļīāļ‡āļˆāļąāļ‡āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ­āļīāļŠāļĢāļ°āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāđāļāđ‰āļ•āđˆāļēāļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĨāļđāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļĨāļąāļ§āļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ–āļđāļāđāļāđ‰āđāļ„āđ‰āļ™ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļĢāđ‰āļēāļ‡āļšāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĻāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļžāļđāļ”āļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāđāļĨāļ°āļ›āļĨāļ­āļ”āļ āļąāļĒ”

āļŠāļ āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ (Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development – FORUM-ASIA)

“āļāļēāļĢāļ­āļ­āļāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ—āļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 116 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļēāļāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™
āļœāļđāđ‰āļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļ–āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ“āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļžāļĪāļĐāļ āļēāļ„āļĄ āļž.āļĻ. 2557” āđ€āļšāļ•āļ•āļĩāđ‰ āđ‚āļĒāļĨāļēāļ™āļ”āļē (Betty Yolanda) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ FORUM-ASIA āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļŦāļēāļāļ–āļđāļāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩ āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™
āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļ­āļēāļˆāļ–āļđāļāļ›āļīāļ”āļāļąāđ‰āļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢāļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āđ„āļĄāđˆāđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āđ„āļ›āđ€āļ‚āđ‰āļēāļĢāđˆāļ§āļĄāļāļīāļˆāļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļ­āļ™āļļāļāļēāļ•āļˆāļēāļāļ„āļ“āļ°āļĢāļąāļāļĐāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļ‡āļšāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ•āļī (āļ„āļŠāļŠ.) āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āđ€āļ”āļīāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļ­āļāļ™āļ­āļāļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ”

āļŠāļĄāļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļŠāļēāļāļĨ (International Federation for Human Rights – FIDH)

“āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡ āđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļŦāđ‡āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđ„āļ—āļĒ āļĄāļĩāđ€āļžāļĩāļĒāļ‡āļĨāļĄāļ›āļēāļāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļ•āļēāļĄāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļŠāļąāļāļāļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™â€ āļ™āļēāļĒāļ”āļīāļĄāļīāļ•āļĢāļīāļŠ āļ„āļĢāļīāļŠāđ‚āļ•āļ›āļđāļĨāļ­āļŠ (Dimitris Christopoulos) āļ›āļĢāļ°āļ˜āļēāļ™ FIDH āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§

āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļĢāļļāļ“āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ‚āļĨāļ (World Organisation Against Torture – OMCT)

“āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ‚āļˆāđˆāļ‡āđāļˆāđ‰āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āđ„āļ•āļĢāđˆāļ•āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ„āļ§āđ‰āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āđāļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ—āļģāļĨāļēāļĒāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­â€ āļ™āļēāļĒāđ€āļˆāļ­āļĢāļąāļĨāļ”āđŒ āļŠāļ•āļēāđ€āļšāļĢāđ‡āļ­āļ„ (Gerald Staberock) āđ€āļĨāļ‚āļēāļ˜āļīāļāļēāļĢ OMCT āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļāļēāļĢāļ›āļĢāļēāļšāļ›āļĢāļēāļĄāļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļĢāļ§āļĄāļ–āļķāļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ•āđˆāļ­āļŠāļđāđ‰āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĢāļļāļ™āđāļĢāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļļāļ•āļīāļĨāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļ§āļ‡āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩ”

āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļžāļĢāđ€āļ—āļ„āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Protection International – PI)

“āļāļēāļĢāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩāļāļąāļšāļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĢāļēāļĒāļ‡āļēāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļ–āļķāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļāļģāļĨāļąāļ‡āđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļˆāļģāļ™āļ§āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒ āđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡āļˆāļ°āļ•āļāļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāđƒāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļŠāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļžāļīāđ€āļĻāļĐ” āļĨāļīāđ€āļĨāļĩāļĒāļ™āļē āđ€āļ”āļ­ āļĄāļēāļĢāđŒāđ‚āļ„ āđ‚āļ„āđ€āļ™āļ™ (Liliana De Marco Coenen) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ PI āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ•āđ‰āļ™āļ›āļĩāļ—āļĩāđˆāļœāđˆāļēāļ™āļĄāļē 8 āđƒāļ™ 10 āļ„āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļŦāļēāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļœāļđāđ‰āļŦāļāļīāļ‡â€

āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĨāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļĒāļ­āļĢāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļŠāđāļ„āļ™āļēāļ”āļē (Lawyers Rights Watch Canada – LRWC)

“āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļžāļīāđˆāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđƒāļŦāļĄāđˆāļāļąāļšāļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ™āđˆāļēāļ•āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ™āļ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļ‡āļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđƒāļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ°āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™â€ āđ€āļāļĨ āđ€āļ”āļ§āļīāļ”āļŠāļąāļ™ (Gail Davidson) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ LRWC āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļąāļšāļĢāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļ•āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļļāļĄāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āļŠāļĄāļąāļŠāļŠāļēāļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ—āļļāļāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļšāļąāļ”āļ™āļĩāđ‰ āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļˆāļ°āļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ™āļļāļ§āļąāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ–āļ­āļ™āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļŦāļĄāļ”āļ•āđˆāļ­ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī”

āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļŸāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāđ„āļŸāļĒāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ (Fortify Rights)

“āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļļāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‰āļēāđ„āļ›āļ—āļĩāđˆ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āđ€āļ™āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļĄāļēāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļģāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ­āļąāļ™āļŠāļ­āļšāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļžāļĒāļēāļĒāļēāļĄāļ­āļĩāļāļ„āļĢāļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļāļĢāļ°āļ•āļļāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļšāļĢāļĢāļĒāļēāļāļēāļĻāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŦāļ§āļēāļ”āļāļĨāļąāļ§â€ āđ€āļ­āļĄāļĩāđˆ āļŠāļĄāļīāļ˜ (Amy Smith) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ Fortify Rights āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ„āļ§āļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđ€āļŠāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļŠāļĄāļēāļŠāļīāļāļœāļđāđ‰āļĄāļĩāļ„āļļāļ“āļ„āđˆāļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļąāļ‡āļ„āļĄāđāļ—āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĻāļąāļ•āļĢāļđāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĢāļąāļâ€

āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āđāļ™āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ§āļīāļŠāļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ (International Service for Human Rights – ISHR)

“āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđ€āļ—āđ‡āļˆāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļī āļ„āļ§āļĢāļ–āļđāļāļ–āļ­āļ™āļ—āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāđ€āļ‡āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ™āđ„āļ‚” āļ™āļēāļĒāļŸāļīāļĨ āļĨāļīāļ™āļŠāđŒ (Phil Lynch) āļœāļđāđ‰āļ­āļģāļ™āļ§āļĒāļāļēāļĢ ISHR āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§ “āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļĄāļĩāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļąāļ”āđ€āļˆāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ„āļļāđ‰āļĄāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ•āļēāļĄāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļāļēāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ”āļąāļ‡āļ™āļąāđ‰āļ™āļˆāļķāļ‡āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļĢāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āļ™āđˆāļēāļāļąāļ‡āļ§āļĨāļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļĒāļīāđˆāļ‡āļ—āļĩāđˆāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āļ­āļēāļˆāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ•āļ­āļšāđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļ‡āļēāļ™āļĢāļ“āļĢāļ‡āļ„āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāđ€āļ˜āļ­āļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĄāļēāļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļ āļēāļĒāļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļĢāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŦāļēāļĢ”

āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļĄāļē

āļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĨāļ‡āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 20 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āļĄāļīāđ„āļ”āđ‰āļĢāļ°āļšāļļāļĄāļđāļĨāđ€āļŦāļ•āļļāđāļ™āđˆāļ™āļ­āļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļē āđāļ•āđˆāļ”āļđāđ€āļŦāļĄāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ§āđˆāļēāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļ”āļąāļ‡āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļˆāļ°āđ€āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­āļĄāđ‚āļĒāļ‡āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāļ—āļĩāđˆāļĻāļđāļ™āļĒāđŒāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļŠāđˆāļ§āļĒāđ€āļŦāļĨāļ·āļ­āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāđāļāđˆāļ™āļąāļāļĻāļķāļāļĐāļē 14 āļ„āļ™āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ–āļđāļāļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 26 āļĄāļīāļ–āļļāļ™āļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2558 āļŦāļĨāļąāļ‡āļˆāļēāļāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄāļ›āļĢāļ°āļ—āđ‰āļ§āļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āļŠāļ‡āļšāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āđ€āļĢāļĩāļĒāļāļĢāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļ˜āļīāļ›āđ„āļ•āļĒāđāļĨāļ°āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļ„āļĢāļ­āļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļāđˆāļēāļĒāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ

āļŦāļēāļāļ—āđ‰āļēāļĒāļ—āļĩāđˆāļŠāļļāļ”āļ™āļēāļ‡āļŠāļēāļ§āļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļāļēāļāļˆāļ™āđŒ āđ€āļˆāļĢāļīāļāļĻāļīāļĢāļīāļ–āļđāļāļ”āļģāđ€āļ™āļīāļ™āļ„āļ”āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļē āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ„āļ›āđ„āļ”āđ‰āļ§āđˆāļēāļ„āļ”āļĩāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļ˜āļ­āļˆāļ°āļ­āļĒāļđāđˆāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļžāļīāļˆāļēāļĢāļ“āļēāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļĻāļēāļĨāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ āđ€āļžāļĢāļēāļ°āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ•āļēāļĄāļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļāļĨāđˆāļēāļ§āļŦāļēāđ€āļŦāļĨāđˆāļēāļ™āļĩāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āļāđˆāļ­āļ™āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 55/2559 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ„āļŠāļŠ. āđ€āļĄāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ§āļąāļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆ 12 āļāļąāļ™āļĒāļēāļĒāļ™ āļž.āļĻ. 2559 āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĒāļāđ€āļĨāļīāļāļāļēāļĢāļŸāđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ”āļĩāļžāļĨāđ€āļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ•āđˆāļ­āļĻāļēāļĨāļ—āļŦāļēāļĢ

āļ‚āđ‰āļ­ 12 āđƒāļ™āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ„āļŠāļŠ. āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 3/2558 (āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āļ•āļąāđ‰āļ‡āđāļ•āđˆāļŦāđ‰āļēāļ„āļ™āļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđ„āļ›) āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļšāļ—āļĨāļ‡āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļˆāļģāļ„āļļāļāļŦāļāđ€āļ”āļ·āļ­āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļ›āļĢāļąāļšāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āđ€āļ‡āļīāļ™āđ„āļĄāđˆāđ€āļāļīāļ™ 10,000 āļšāļēāļ— āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļˆāļģāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļąāļš āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ āļ— ‘āļĒāļļāļĒāļ‡āļ›āļĨāļļāļāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™â€™ āļ•āļēāļĄāļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 116 āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āļĄāļ§āļĨāļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ­āļēāļāļēāļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđ‚āļ—āļĐāļŠāļđāļ‡āļŠāļļāļ”āļˆāļģāļ„āļļāļāđ€āļˆāđ‡āļ”āļ›āļĩ

āļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļ„āļģāļŠāļąāđˆāļ‡āļŦāļąāļ§āļŦāļ™āđ‰āļē āļ„āļŠāļŠ.āļ‰āļšāļąāļšāļ—āļĩāđˆ 3/2558 āđāļĨāļ°āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 116 āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āļ‚āđ‰āļ­āļˆāļģāļāļąāļ”āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ„āļģāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļīāļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļāļ§āđ‰āļēāļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļāļģāļāļ§āļĄāđ€āļāļĩāđˆāļĒāļ§āļāļąāļšāļāļēāļĢāđƒāļŠāđ‰āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĄāļēāļ„āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļ‡āļš āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļĨāđ‰āļ§āļ™āļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āļāļĢāļ“āļĩāļ”āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāļ āļēāļĒāđƒāļ•āđ‰āļāļŽāļŦāļĄāļēāļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻ āļ­āļĩāļāļ—āļąāđ‰āļ‡āļĒāļąāļ‡āđāļĒāđ‰āļ‡āļāļąāļšāļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļ˜āļĢāļĢāļĄāđāļĨāļ°āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āļĒāļāļ•āļąāļ§āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ€āļŠāđˆāļ™ āļĄāļēāļ•āļĢāļē 116 āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļēāļĢāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāđƒāļ”āđ† āļ­āļąāļ™āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļāļēāļĢ “āđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­…āđƒāļŦāđ‰āđ€āļāļīāļ”āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļ›āļąāđˆāļ™āļ›āđˆāļ§āļ™āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļāļĢāļ°āļ”āđ‰āļēāļ‡āļāļĢāļ°āđ€āļ”āļ·āđˆāļ­āļ‡āđƒāļ™āļŦāļĄāļđāđˆāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļ™āļ–āļķāļ‡āļ‚āļ™āļēāļ”āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļāđˆāļ­āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāđ„āļĄāđˆāļŠāļ‡āļšāļ‚āļķāđ‰āļ™āđƒāļ™āļĢāļēāļŠāļ­āļēāļ“āļēāļˆāļąāļāļĢ” āđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļœāļīāļ”āļ—āļēāļ‡āļ­āļēāļāļē

āļāļ•āļīāļāļēāļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļžāļĨāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡āđāļĨāļ°āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ—āļēāļ‡āļāļēāļĢāđ€āļĄāļ·āļ­āļ‡ (International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights – ICCPR) āļ‹āļķāđˆāļ‡āļ›āļĢāļ°āđ€āļ—āļĻāđ„āļ—āļĒāđ€āļ›āđ‡āļ™āļ āļēāļ„āļĩ āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļ›āļĢāļ°āļāļąāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļļāļĄāļ™āļļāļĄāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļ‡āļš āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāđāļŠāļ”āļ‡āļ­āļ­āļ āđ€āļŠāļĢāļĩāļ āļēāļžāđƒāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļŠāļĄāļēāļ„āļĄ āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļĄāļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļˆāļąāļšāļāļļāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ„āļļāļĄāļ‚āļąāļ‡āđ‚āļ”āļĒāļžāļĨāļāļēāļĢ

āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļ™āļąāļāļ›āļāļ›āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ (UN Declaration on Human Rights Defenders) āļĒāļ·āļ™āļĒāļąāļ™āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ„āļ™āļ—āļļāļāļ„āļ™āļ—āļĩāđˆāļˆāļ°āļ„āļąāļ”āļ„āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļŦāļ™āļ—āļēāļ‡āļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļī āļ›āļāļīāļāļāļēāļŊāļŦāđ‰āļēāļĄāļĄāļīāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢ
āđ‚āļ•āđ‰āļāļĨāļąāļš āļ‚āđˆāļĄāļ‚āļđāđˆāđāļĨāļ°āļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļĢāļđāļ›āđāļšāļšāļ­āļ·āđˆāļ™āđ† āļ•āđˆāļ­āļšāļļāļ„āļ„āļĨāđƒāļ”āļāđ‡āļ•āļēāļĄāļ—āļĩāđˆāļāļĢāļ°āļ—āļģāļāļēāļĢāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļŠāļąāļ™āļ•āļīāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļĨāļ°āđ€āļĄāļīāļ”āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™ āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļˆāļ°āđƒāļ™āļĢāļ°āļŦāļ§āđˆāļēāļ‡āļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āļ™āļ­āļāđ€āļŦāļ™āļ·āļ­āļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŠāļĩāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļē

āļŦāļĨāļąāļāļāļēāļĢāļžāļ·āđ‰āļ™āļāļēāļ™āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļēāļĢāļŠāļŦāļ›āļĢāļ°āļŠāļēāļŠāļēāļ•āļīāļ§āđˆāļēāļ”āđ‰āļ§āļĒāļšāļ—āļšāļēāļ—āļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄ (UN Basic Principles on the Role of Lawyers) āļāļģāļŦāļ™āļ”āđƒāļŦāđ‰āļĢāļąāļāļšāļēāļĨāđƒāļŦāđ‰āļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļĄāļąāđˆāļ™āđƒāļˆāļ§āđˆāļēāļ—āļ™āļēāļĒāļ„āļ§āļēāļĄāļˆāļ°āļŠāļēāļĄāļēāļĢāļ–āļ›āļāļīāļšāļąāļ•āļīāļŦāļ™āđ‰āļēāļ—āļĩāđˆāļ•āļēāļĄāļ§āļīāļŠāļēāļŠāļĩāļžāļ‚āļ­āļ‡āļžāļ§āļāđ€āļ‚āļēāđ‚āļ”āļĒāļ›āļĢāļēāļĻāļˆāļēāļāļāļēāļĢāļ‚āđˆāļĄāļ‚āļđāđˆ āļ‚āļąāļ”āļ‚āļ§āļēāļ‡ āļ„āļļāļāļ„āļēāļĄāļŦāļĢāļ·āļ­āđāļ—āļĢāļāđāļ‹āļ‡āļ­āļĒāđˆāļēāļ‡āđ„āļĄāđˆāļ–āļđāļāļ•āđ‰āļ­āļ‡āđ€āļŦāļĄāļēāļ°āļŠāļĄ

āļĨāļ‡āļŠāļ·āđˆāļ­

  1. āļ„āļ“āļ°āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāļāļēāļĢāļ™āļąāļāļ™āļīāļ•āļīāļĻāļēāļŠāļ•āļĢāđŒāļŠāļēāļāļĨ (International Commission of Jurists – ICJ)
  2. āļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļ—āļŠāđŒ (Human Rights Watch)
  3. āđāļ­āļĄāđ€āļ™āļŠāļ•āļĩāđ‰ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Amnesty International)
  4. āļŠāļ āļēāđ€āļžāļ·āđˆāļ­āļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āđāļĨāļ°āļāļēāļĢāļžāļąāļ’āļ™āļēāđāļŦāđˆāļ‡āđ€āļ­āđ€āļ‹āļĩāļĒ (Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development – FORUM-ASIA)
  5. 5. āļŠāļĄāļēāļžāļąāļ™āļ˜āđŒāļŠāļīāļ—āļ˜āļīāļĄāļ™āļļāļĐāļĒāļŠāļ™āļŠāļēāļāļĨ (International Federation for Human Rights – FIDH)
  6. 6. āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ•āđˆāļ­āļ•āđ‰āļēāļ™āļāļēāļĢāļ—āļēāļĢāļļāļ“āļāļĢāļĢāļĄāđ‚āļĨāļ (World Organisation Against Torture – OMCT)
  7. 7. āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļžāļĢāđ€āļ—āļ„āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™ āļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāļ™āđāļ™āļĨ (Protection International – PI)
  8. āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļĨāļ­āļ§āđŒāđ€āļĒāļ­āļĢāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒāļ§āļ­āļŠāđāļ„āļ™āļēāļ”āļē (Lawyers Rights Watch Canada – LRWC)
  9. āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāđ‚āļŸāļĢāđŒāļ•āļīāđ„āļŸāļĒāđŒāđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ (Fortify Rights)
  10. āļ­āļ‡āļ„āđŒāļāļĢāļ­āļīāļ™āđ€āļ•āļ­āļĢāđŒāđ€āļ™āļŠāļąāđˆāļ™āđāļ™āļĨāđ€āļ‹āļ­āļĢāđŒāļ§āļīāļŠāļŸāļ­āļĢāđŒāļŪāļīāļ§āđāļĄāļ™āđ„āļĢāļ—āđŒ (International Service for Human Rights (ISHR)